INTRODUCTION
The 21st century is marked as the century of globalization. It means that human has undergone fundamental changes that are different from the previous century. In other word, it demands quality human resources (Wijaya, Sudjimat, & Nyoto, 2016). In addition, the 21st century is also the era of technology. Therefore, it requires a major change by integrating existing technology. As a young generation, they always use technology every day. Moreover, (Saputra & Aida, 2019) said that the most striking characteristic of young generation is very good at technology. Therefore, the young generation must be able to take advantage of technology to become a quality resource.In this 21st century, the young generation is not only required to be able to mastery technology, but also mastery English. This is in line with(Haidir, 2020), in this era of globalization, it cannot be denied that the world of work prioritizes English skills. Which, English is an international language. Therefore, as a young generation not only mastery at technology, but also mastery in English. The juridical mandate of Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System Article 50 paragraph 3 states that “The government and/or local government organizes at least one educational unit at all levels of education to be developed into an international standard education unit” (Pransiska, 2020). Therefore, some educational institutions create bilingual class program.The rapid flow of globalization has an influence on the life of a country, also it sis affect to values of Indonesian nationalism. The younggeneration is carried away by the flow of Western culture to be considered advanced. They prefer the cultural results of other nations to the culture of their own nation. These are one of the symptoms of reduced nationalism among young generation. For the young generation, nationalism is tested by
the consumerist, individualistic, and permissive become the lifestyle for some of Indonesia’s young generations (Gunawan, 2012).
Regarding the phenomenon of the influence of globalization in the 21st century, it is very worrying for the young generation. The government Issued a policy regarding education, by instilling character values, especially in Historical learning gives a strategy meaning in shaping the character and civilization of the nation that is dignified and has a sense of nationalism. One of the struggle histories of Indonesian is “Laskar Rakyat Hizbullah” in Lampung, in this history there are several nationalism values, including unity, solidarity, independence, and self-sacrifice (Mastrianto, Sariyatun, & Suryani, 2020). Therefore, History learning is expected to be able to make students or young generation aware that in this time the actualization of nationalism is not in the form of resistance to colonialism or realizing independence but how to maintain and enhance the values of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.Education in the 21st century must different from the previous century because as (Wijaya, Sudjimat, & Nyoto, 2016) stated that the 21st century demands quality human resources, which are produced by professionally managed institutions so as to produce superior results. In other words, a new paradigm is needed in the world of education. ProjectBased Learning (PjBL) is an ideal learning model to achieve goal of the 21st century educational, because it involves the 4C principles of critical thinking, communication, collaboration and creativity. The results of research on project-based learning also show that this learning provides the advantage for students to learn factually compared to learning in traditional model (Zubaidah, 2016). Young Generation in 21st century certainly can apply technology in education. Documentary Film Project is a part of PjBL. This model can use in learning, filmmaking can make people feel how the real story happened. Thus if this model is implemented in History Learning, the students can feel struggle of nation fighters. Based on the background, it shows that the young generation in the 21st century is required to become quality resources and has a nationalistic character. Therefore, this paper aims to describe the essential for implementing documentary film project in bilingual history learning with the theme of history struggle “Laskar Rakyat Hizbullah” to face the challenges of the young generation in the 21st century.
DISCUSSION
Bilingual History Learning for Young Generation According to World Health Organization (WHO) in Young generation means who is 10-24 year. Since, this context in education, the young generation here is student. History means a dialogue between the past event and the future developments (Kusnoto & Minandar, 2017). Therefore, it can be concluded that history learning is a process of helping students to gain additional knowledge and experience of past events and therefore students can understand, take values and link the relationship between the past, present and future. Through studying history, students can instill the spirit of the nation and land, also raise historical awareness in students. Therefore, students can find the importance of the history of their nation for the development of life in the future.Bilingual leaning is learning process is delivered in two languages (Fauzi 2020). The type of bilingual education according to (Garcia, 2009) in (Manara, 2014) is divided into two, namely additive bilingualism and subtractive bilingualism. However, in this paper used subtractive bilingualism, where students are encouraged to only take a second language (English) and leave their mother tongue. Thus, it can be concluded that the subtractive bilingualism in History learning is delivered in English.The Nationalism Values in “Laskar Rakyat Hizbullah” and Its Implementation Nationalism is the attitude and behavior of young generation that refers to loyalty and devotion to the nation and state. The nationalism values that come from the spirit of nationality which is expected to become the standard of behavior of citizens in society, nation and state (Mastrianto, Sariyatun, & Suryani, 2020). The nationalism values contained in the struggle of the Laskar Rakyat Hizbullah are as follows:The Value of Unity This value shows that every society wants to unite because of the common fate they feel. In this case the santri and kyai who came from commoners joined other fighters to fight in defending independence from Dutch colonialism. In today’s life, it can be implemented by reminiscing the services of the fighters who died in the struggle to seize and defend Indonesian independence.
The value of Solidarity, This value was shown when Dutch ships and Dutch troops entered Lampung on January 1, 1949 at Panjang Harbor. Then Indonesian Navywith Laskar Hizbullah Telukbetung that chaired by R. Soebroto, as well as other armies tried to prevent the entry of Dutch troops into Telukbetung. The implementation of solidarity value can be realized through mutual cooperation and collaborative action.The Value of Independence The value of independence is the desire to escape from the shackles of absolute power and also get their rights fairly. This was shown by the kyai and santri who tried to expel the Dutch soldiers that tried to enter the Lampung area. They fought for 5 days and 5 nights with Indonesian Navy to expel the Dutch from their territory. The implementation of the value of independence can be observed through the learning process. For example, completing daily tests in Graduation Exam without cheating.
The Value of Willing to Sacrifice,the value of willing to sacrifice is a willingness to sincerely give something (energy, property, or thoughts) for the benefit of other people even though by sacrificing and causing trials. In this case the value of selfsacrifice shown in the struggle of “Laskar Rakyat Hizbullah” is the awareness of the people in fighting for Indonesian independence, they volunteered to join the organization Laskar Rakyat Hizbullah together to expel the Dutch colonialists by burning their property, energy and thoughts to defend independence Indonesia. This value can be manifested in a caring attitude towards fellow humans. In the school environment, this value can be realized, such as setting aside pocket money to help friends who are in trouble (Mastrianto, Sariyatun, & Suryani, 2020).
Project Based Learning and Steps of Documentary Film Project,The documentary film has the main key in making it, namely the showing of facts (Salim & Erandaru, 2019). Moreover, (Febriyati, Darmawani, & Suryahadikusumah, 2019) added that filmmaking allows students to meet face to face with problematic conditions that stimulate them to question why a problem occurs, how this happened, and what the consequences are. Documentary film will make students’ feelings, actions and thinking connected with each other. Documentary film Project is the parts of the Project Based Learning model, project based learning is learning in the form of projects where students explore, assess, interpret, synthesize, and information based on the real conditions around them (Mariyaningasih & Hidayati, 2018).
The steps in making a documentary film is adopted from the theory in Project Based Learning developed by The George Lucas Educational Foundation (2005) in (Sulistyorini, 2020) which consists of:
1. Start With the Essential Question
The first step is selecting players. After selecting players and getting the expected results, the next stage of preparation is to determine the division team. Next, actors and the division team is required to follow the script understanding process.
2. Design a Plan for the Project
In this step, the supporting elements of the documentary film such as camera, props, costumes, lighting and music are made.
3. Create a Schedule
The teacher and students collaboratively arrange a schedule of activities in completing the project. The teaching stages are prepared for approximately six months or one semester with reference to the final result. Activities at this stage include:
a. Make a deadline for project completion
b. Bringing students to plan new ways
c. Guiding learners when they make unrelated ways to the project
d. Ask students to make an explanation (reason) about choosing a method
4. Monitor the Students and the Progress of the Project
In monitoring activities, teacher create rubrics that will be able to record the activity of students in completing project tasks.
5. Assess the Outcome
Assessment is carried out to help teachers measure the achievement of standards, play a role in evaluating the progress of each student, provide feedback on the level of understanding that has been achieved by students, assist teachers in developing subsequent learning strategies.
6. Evaluate the Experience
At the end of the lesson, the teacher and students reflect on the activities and results of the project that has been carried out.Advantages and Disadvantages of Project Based LearningThere are several advantages and disadvantages of Project Based Learning adopted from (Wena, 2009) in (Susanti, 2019).The advantages of Project Based Learning:
a. Increase motivation to learn
b. Increase the ability to find solutions
c. Increase collaboration between individuals and between groups
d. Improve resource management skills
The disadvantages of Project Based Learning:
a. It takes a lot of time to solve the problem
b. It requires a cost that is not cheap
c. It requires complex equipment
CONCLUSION
Based on the discussion above, it shows that the young generation in the 21st century has many challenges, namely having to master technology, speak English, 4C competencies, and the character of nationalism. Thus, to answer these challenges, bilingual History learning using film documentary film project based by the theme “Laskar Rakyat Hizbullah” becomes a solution. Where in this history there are several values of nationalism, including the value of unity, solidarity, independence, and self-sacrifice. If this learning is done by documentary film project students will be able to feel how the nation's struggle is, which will certainly increase a sense of nationalism. In addition, this film is also made using English, thus students will be able to master English. In making film, it requires mastery of technology and good ideas. Therefore, making this documentary film can be solution for challenges in the field of technology and 4C competencies. However, this learning model requires a lot of time, expensive and complex equipment. In conclusion to make this model learning need good prepare.
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By: Mariani (Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin)
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