Education Character From Macapat Dhandanggula (Serat Tripama) Created by KGPAA Mangkunegaran IV For Character Building To Reach Golden Indonesia 2045

Education quality is the one of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) that countries on the world want to achieve, including Indonesia.To Achieve this goal, Character Building especially for young generation is very important. Young generation who receiving education in this time, in the future are a leader who driving nation progress, so Character Building is necessary to form capable leaders, who has capability to lead Indonesia become more developed and Prosperous country. The main idea of Golden Indonesia 2045 is improving quality of human resource.The development of technology and information as two Blades, it has positif and negatif impact. Degradation of moral and national character is a result of existing development, which is a challenge that must be face to achieve Golden Indonesia 2045, and character education is the answer for it. Character education support character building to create gold generation for Golden Indonesia 2045. 

          Education is everyone's right, the government trying to make sure education for all by various program, for example scholarship program, such as Bidikmisi  for  equality distribution and contiuning education, esspecially for a Students need financial help. Character education is  the main foundation to improve quality of human resource. Sunaryo Kartadina, Indonesia Ambassador for Uzbekistan at Pena Bakti Institut Webinar held on 7 Mey 2020 with theme “ Education for Golden Indonesia 2045”, said that education as a foundation needs to create society with character. Moh.Ali, initiator,author of education book towards Indonesia Gold 2045 said at the same event, character education can be done by two ways.By conservatif education such as Pancasila and Culture, And by Anticipatory education, that increase competence to adapt with existing development.

          Conservatif education, whose application is still relevant today can realize by culture.There are many culture in Indonesia,which have beautifulness, uniqueness, and great moral value, macapat is one of them. Macapat is Javanese Literature call tembang (kidungan) . There are 11 macapat Songs, namely Mijil, Kinanthi, Sinom, Dhandanggula, Durma, Pangkur, Megatruh, Asmaradana, Pocung. Macapat drawed human life from we was born until we die. The rule of macapat (Paugeran), that’s Guru Gatra, Guru Wilangan, Guru lagu made Macapat Unique and interesting. We can found beautifulness and goodness value at the same time. Macapat can be interpreted as poem or poetry in Javanese we call geguritan, cause the structure of it contains beautiful words and deep meaning. Macapat sung by rule as musical scale Slendro and Pelog followed gamelan, that’s the reason why macapat pleasant to listen. 

              From the unique and beautifulness of macapat, Walisongo use macapat for Religion Mission. Walisongo is aware  the habbit of people who like to listen, so they use macapat to spread out Islam in Java especially and they have  succesfully. Dhandanggula is the one of the macapat created by Sunan Kalijaga to teach islamic teachings. Dhandanggula comes from the name of King Kediri, King Dhandanggelis. Dhandanggula means wishing for goodness. Macapat Dhandanggula describe a life that is already established, prosperous, and prosperity has been achieved.The message of this song is that we should be more gratefull to God, because this is the key to reach glory of life.

              Javanese people taught values to their children implicitly through art, stories, and ritual, not directly teaching them, cause the method more easier to understand than explain directly. The important point is how children can received the messege and aplicate it on their life. The method of taught children  values call moral education, that’s has simmiliar mission with education character. Ryan and Bohlin, contains three main elements, namely knowing the good (knowing the good), loving kindness (loving the good), and do good (doing good) (Lickona:51). Character education is not to tell what is wrong and what is right to child , but more than that, Character education incultate the habit (habituation) of the good that  children understand, able to feel, and want to do good.

             Serat Tripama in the form of  Dhandanggula, it was created by KGPAA Mangkunegaran IV at 1860s in Surakarta. In addition to Serat Tripama his other work include: Langan swara, Nayawakara, warayagna, paliwara,wirawiyata,wesi aji, and rerepen, the part of Serat Wedhatama, javanese literature contains the main goodness & nobility of human life. Serat Tritama comes from three words Serat which mean written works, Tri which means three in Javanese number and Tama (Tuladha utama) which mean the good character. Serat Tripama has seven stanzas. Serat Tripama contains the teachings of warrior, three character displayed as like an example in their time. 

               The main figure in Serat Tripama is Patih Suwanda (Bambang Sumantri) at the puppet story can found in Sumantri Ngenger, Kumbakarna and Adipati Karna. Patih Suwanda have a great desire to serve the King Maespati, Arjuna Sasrabahu on Arjuna Sasrabahu Epic by making full of abilities that he has. He bring Dewi Citrawati and 800 princess for the king. Patih Suwanda die because of  Dasamuka whose possessed by his brother Sukrasana. The next figure is Kumbakarna, he is Rahwana's brother, he is a Giant, but he has good character. At Ramayana epic, Kumbakarna die because King Rama's bow, He die for his homeland which was attacked by King Rama's monkey army. The last figure is Adipati Karna, He is Dewa Surya & Kunti's son, in Mahabarata Karna is the one who royal to Duryudana because he want to return Duryudana favor, who made him to be a king of  Ngawangga. Karna die because  Arjuna's bow, and until the end of his life he always firm in his stance. The puppet is human figures, as a human they have good and bad side. We can learn the good side to apply in our life.

          Young generation can learn patriotism and nasionalism by 3 main character of Serat Tripama. Certain of Patih Suwanda ( Bambang Sumantri) in Arjuna Sasrabahu Epic, we can learn that’s he is a person who has the ability and willingness to carry out his duties (guna,kaya,purun). Furthermore, there is Kumbakarna in Ramayana Epic, his love for homeland and country made him go to war,eventhough he didn’t agree with Rahwana's action, and willing to die. And the last is Adipati Karna in Mahabarata Epic, from him we learned how to return the favor and be firm in his stance.

         The young generation is the main actor for realizing Golden Indonesia 2045. Character education is important for them, cause in the future they are a leader. Young generation must Learning, Explore , Improve Skill, and have Willingness for take responsibility as Patih Suwanda, Firm in stance and can return the favor as Karna, and of course lovely homeland and country as Kumbakarna. To be a leader young generation need to learn moral nation by the warrior, that’s very important to Build Gold generation. If the young generation character was build and they have skill, and also want to get responsibilities (guna, kaya, purun),  they are capable as a leader. They are already to driving Indonesia to reach Golden Indonesia 2045.

Dyah Titi Sumpenowati | CI EASA 2020

Why Is Being Bilingual Important?

 

If we are talking about bilingual, it should force us to get knowledge of two languages. In Cambridge online dictionary, bilingual means able to use two languages equally well. It means you should be fluent in at least one foreign language. So why should are we being bilingual? It is because we can gain further knowledge of other countries. Another benefit of being bilingual is having good communication with most people in the world. 

Communication is the process of transferring information. According to McFarland communication is, “a process of meaningful interaction among human beings. More specifically, it is the process by which meanings are perceived and understandings are reached among human beings.” Newman and summer defined communication as “an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons.” Communication has an important position in human life because we can understand each other whether by speaking or writing.

As we know, communication is one of the important things to share information or messages from one person to one or more people. Then, to reaching more receivers of around the world, we have to know the language that almost all people know, that is English. English is like a bridge for us to getting information easily. And from English, we can enhance the opportunity to study, living, and working abroad. We also can introduce our own language and making the people around the world know about our culture deeply.

Being bilingual also influences us into an active person because of the activities that we usually do in learn more than one language. It means the bilingual people will be better communicators and make them accepted new changes easily. A bilingual learner probably can develop relations easily because of their ability to communicate well. It is why being bilingual has many important sides in communication.

Eventually, a bilingual person will get so many advantages. Communication will do well if we know some foreign languages well. For me, the more we learn, the more we will know. Reach the whole world by languages. So, let’s start to learn another language. 

Maulida Lintang Panggayuh | Member EASA 2020 (SAILABIA)

 

The advantages of being Bilingual for Communication

 

Communication is a part of language used as a tool for expressing our thoughts, feeling, also explaining something. Currently, the ability of having good communication is required because of the globalization that spread out to all over the world. Globalization has opened our eyes and mind to gain something beyond our state because there are many useful things that we might never experience before. To reach those things we must be able to communicate with the language where we can figure out something that we want. Here I would like to make the English as the second language to be mastered instead of Indonesia. We know sometimes mastering a new language can be difficult for us because of many distractions that come such as the laziness, the limited facilities, insecurity and etc. However, I think we must change our mindset to think about the benefits of being bilingual so that we can kick those distractions. 

Actually, the problem of the laziness has haunted in our lovely country Indonesia. The majority is likely being ignorant towards their surroundings such as receiving good tiding about remarkable breakthrough in education researches. However, we as the next generation must try to remove the level of our laziness especially for mastering a new language. One of the benefits for being bilingual is increasing our social life. For instance, when we are going to travel abroad, it's necessary to able to speak the International Language which is English that is understandable for many people.

The other problem is limited facilities that have a serious thing in Indonesia because of inequality of economic development. It gives impact that not everyone has an opportunity to learn a new language earlier.  Learning English in the young age is easier rather than in older age. Mostly citizens in Indonesia tend to have good connection for going to the place where they want to master a language, of course it is in an English-speaking country. It's easier improving the English skills through surrounded by native speaker. However, for those who are living in the rural areas, most of them don't have enough connection like the citizens. However, don't worry because if we don't have a chance going to an English-speaking country, we can find a partner to speak English by doing travel to Bali or Yogyakarta or any other places in Indonesia where we can meet a foreigner so that we can try to improve our English skills with them. The other way is try to find foreigner by learning English through the Internet. There are many applications offered online teacher from the native speakers.

The last distraction is having insecurity. This term is more outstanding in a few years. Even some people attempt self-diagnosis of having insecurity. There are many factors caused this insecurity particularly in Speaking in English. For example, when we are speaking in English, some friends despise the way we speak all the more being bullied or judged. It can raise our fear in speaking English but If we face something like this, do not ever give up, and keep practicing because practice makes perfect. When you are wrong to pronounce some English words, try to correct it by yourself through figuring out the correct answer. You can check the English pronunciation through dictionary or asking your teachers/tutor. Don't make the taunt of people shatter your mind so that you tend to surrender.

In conclusion, as which I said, there are many causes that give difficulties in mastering a new language but we must take the positivity that emerges when we have been being a bilingual person. Don't fulfil our mind with the helplessness or laziness and anxiety. Remember there is will there is away. Everything is possible while we make efforts.

Hisan Ainun Nissa | Member EASA 2020 (SAILABIA)

BILINGUAL HISTORY LEARNING BY DOCUMENTARY FILM PROJECT “LASKAR RAKYAT HIZBULLAH” TO FACE CHALLENGES OF YOUNG GENERATION IN 21ST CENTURY

INTRODUCTION 

The 21st century is marked as the century of globalization. It means that human has undergone fundamental changes that are different from the previous century. In other word, it demands quality human resources (Wijaya, Sudjimat, & Nyoto, 2016). In addition, the 21st century is also the era of technology. Therefore, it requires a major change by integrating existing technology. As a young generation, they always use technology every day. Moreover, (Saputra & Aida, 2019) said that the most striking characteristic of young generation is very good at technology. Therefore, the young generation must be able to take advantage of technology to become a quality resource.In this 21st century, the young generation is not only required to be able to mastery technology, but also mastery English. This is in line with(Haidir, 2020), in this era of globalization, it cannot be denied that the world of work prioritizes English skills. Which, English is an international language. Therefore, as a young generation not only mastery at technology, but also mastery in English. The juridical mandate of Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System Article 50 paragraph 3 states that “The government and/or local government organizes at least one educational unit at all levels of education to be developed into an international standard education unit” (Pransiska, 2020). Therefore, some educational institutions create bilingual class program.The rapid flow of globalization has an influence on the life of a country, also it sis affect to values of Indonesian nationalism. The younggeneration is carried away by the flow of Western culture to be considered advanced. They prefer the cultural results of other nations to the culture of their own nation. These are one of the symptoms of reduced nationalism among young generation. For the young generation, nationalism is tested by 

the consumerist, individualistic, and permissive become the lifestyle for some of Indonesia’s young generations (Gunawan, 2012).

Regarding the phenomenon of the influence of globalization in the 21st century, it is very worrying for the young generation. The government Issued a policy regarding education, by instilling character values, especially in Historical learning gives a strategy meaning in shaping the character and civilization of the nation that is dignified and has a sense of nationalism. One of the struggle histories of Indonesian is “Laskar Rakyat Hizbullah” in Lampung, in this history there are several nationalism values, including unity, solidarity, independence, and self-sacrifice (Mastrianto, Sariyatun, & Suryani, 2020). Therefore, History learning is expected to be able to make students or young generation aware that in this time the actualization of nationalism is not in the form of resistance to colonialism or realizing independence but how to maintain and enhance the values of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.Education in the 21st century must different from the previous century because as (Wijaya, Sudjimat, & Nyoto, 2016) stated that the 21st century demands quality human resources, which are produced by professionally managed institutions so as to produce superior results. In other words, a new paradigm is needed in the world of education. Project￾Based Learning (PjBL) is an ideal learning model to achieve goal of the 21st century educational, because it involves the 4C principles of critical thinking, communication, collaboration and creativity. The results of research on project-based learning also show that this learning provides the advantage for students to learn factually compared to learning in traditional model (Zubaidah, 2016). Young Generation in 21st century certainly can apply technology in education. Documentary Film Project is a part of PjBL. This model can use in learning, filmmaking can make people feel how the real story happened. Thus if this model is implemented in History Learning, the students can feel struggle of nation fighters. Based on the background, it shows that the young generation in the 21st century is required to become quality resources and has a nationalistic character. Therefore, this paper aims to describe the essential for implementing documentary film project in bilingual history learning with the theme of history struggle “Laskar Rakyat Hizbullah” to face the challenges of the young generation in the 21st century.

DISCUSSION

Bilingual History Learning for Young Generation According to World Health Organization (WHO) in Young generation means who is 10-24 year. Since, this context in education, the young generation here is student. History means a dialogue between the past event and the future developments (Kusnoto & Minandar, 2017). Therefore, it can be concluded that history learning is a process of helping students to gain additional knowledge and experience of past events and therefore students can understand, take values and link the relationship between the past, present and future. Through studying history, students can instill the spirit of the nation and land, also raise historical awareness in students. Therefore, students can find the importance of the history of their nation for the development of life in the future.Bilingual leaning is learning process is delivered in two languages (Fauzi 2020). The type of bilingual education according to (Garcia, 2009) in (Manara, 2014) is divided into two, namely additive bilingualism and subtractive bilingualism. However, in this paper used subtractive bilingualism, where students are encouraged to only take a second language (English) and leave their mother tongue. Thus, it can be concluded that the subtractive bilingualism in History learning is delivered in English.The Nationalism Values in “Laskar Rakyat Hizbullah” and Its Implementation Nationalism is the attitude and behavior of young generation that refers to loyalty and devotion to the nation and state. The nationalism values that come from the spirit of nationality which is expected to become the standard of behavior of citizens in society, nation and state (Mastrianto, Sariyatun, & Suryani, 2020). The nationalism values contained in the struggle of the Laskar Rakyat Hizbullah are as follows:The Value of Unity This value shows that every society wants to unite because of the common fate they feel. In this case the santri and kyai who came from commoners joined other fighters to fight in defending independence from Dutch colonialism. In today’s life, it can be implemented by reminiscing the services of the fighters who died in the struggle to seize and defend Indonesian independence.

The value of Solidarity, This value was shown when Dutch ships and Dutch troops entered Lampung on January 1, 1949 at Panjang Harbor. Then Indonesian Navywith Laskar Hizbullah Telukbetung that chaired by R. Soebroto, as well as other armies tried to prevent the entry of Dutch troops into Telukbetung. The implementation of solidarity value can be realized through mutual cooperation and collaborative action.The Value of Independence The value of independence is the desire to escape from the shackles of absolute power and also get their rights fairly. This was shown by the kyai and santri who tried to expel the Dutch soldiers that tried to enter the Lampung area. They fought for 5 days and 5 nights with Indonesian Navy to expel the Dutch from their territory. The implementation of the value of independence can be observed through the learning process. For example, completing daily tests in Graduation Exam without cheating.

The Value of Willing to Sacrifice,the value of willing to sacrifice is a willingness to sincerely give something (energy, property, or thoughts) for the benefit of other people even though by sacrificing and causing trials. In this case the value of self￾sacrifice shown in the struggle of “Laskar Rakyat Hizbullah” is the awareness of the people in fighting for Indonesian independence, they volunteered to join the organization Laskar Rakyat Hizbullah together to expel the Dutch colonialists by burning their property, energy and thoughts to defend independence Indonesia. This value can be manifested in a caring attitude towards fellow humans. In the school environment, this value can be realized, such as setting aside pocket money to help friends who are in trouble (Mastrianto, Sariyatun, & Suryani, 2020).

Project Based Learning and Steps of Documentary Film Project,The documentary film has the main key in making it, namely the showing of facts (Salim & Erandaru, 2019). Moreover, (Febriyati, Darmawani, & Suryahadikusumah, 2019) added that filmmaking allows students to meet face to face with problematic conditions that stimulate them to question why a problem occurs, how this happened, and what the consequences are. Documentary film will make students’ feelings, actions and thinking connected with each other. Documentary film Project is the parts of the Project Based Learning model, project based learning is learning in the form of projects where students explore, assess, interpret, synthesize, and information based on the real conditions around them (Mariyaningasih & Hidayati, 2018).

The steps in making a documentary film is adopted from the theory in Project Based Learning developed by The George Lucas Educational Foundation (2005) in (Sulistyorini, 2020) which consists of:

1. Start With the Essential Question

The first step is selecting players. After selecting players and getting the expected results, the next stage of preparation is to determine the division team. Next, actors and the division team is required to follow the script understanding process.

2. Design a Plan for the Project

In this step, the supporting elements of the documentary film such as camera, props, costumes, lighting and music are made.

3. Create a Schedule

The teacher and students collaboratively arrange a schedule of activities in completing the project. The teaching stages are prepared for approximately six months or one semester with reference to the final result. Activities at this stage include:

a. Make a deadline for project completion

b. Bringing students to plan new ways

c. Guiding learners when they make unrelated ways to the project

d. Ask students to make an explanation (reason) about choosing a method

4. Monitor the Students and the Progress of the Project

In monitoring activities, teacher create rubrics that will be able to record the activity of students in completing project tasks.

5. Assess the Outcome

Assessment is carried out to help teachers measure the achievement of standards, play a role in evaluating the progress of each student, provide feedback on the level of understanding that has been achieved by students, assist teachers in developing subsequent learning strategies.

6. Evaluate the Experience

At the end of the lesson, the teacher and students reflect on the activities and results of the project that has been carried out.Advantages and Disadvantages of Project Based LearningThere are several advantages and disadvantages of Project Based Learning adopted from (Wena, 2009) in (Susanti, 2019).The advantages of Project Based Learning: 

a. Increase motivation to learn

b. Increase the ability to find solutions

c. Increase collaboration between individuals and between groups

d. Improve resource management skills

The disadvantages of Project Based Learning:

a. It takes a lot of time to solve the problem

b. It requires a cost that is not cheap

c. It requires complex equipment

CONCLUSION 

Based on the discussion above, it shows that the young generation in the 21st century has many challenges, namely having to master technology, speak English, 4C competencies, and the character of nationalism. Thus, to answer these challenges, bilingual History learning using film documentary film project based by the theme “Laskar Rakyat Hizbullah” becomes a solution. Where in this history there are several values of nationalism, including the value of unity, solidarity, independence, and self-sacrifice. If this learning is done by documentary film project students will be able to feel how the nation's struggle is, which will certainly increase a sense of nationalism. In addition, this film is also made using English, thus students will be able to master English. In making film, it requires mastery of technology and good ideas. Therefore, making this documentary film can be solution for challenges in the field of technology and 4C competencies. However, this learning model requires a lot of time, expensive and complex equipment. In conclusion to make this model learning need good prepare. 

REFERENCES

Arnyana, I. B. (2019). Pembelajaran untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi 4C 

(Communication, Collaboration, Critical Thinking dan Creative 

Thinking) untuk Menyongsong Era Abad 21. Prosiding: Konferensi 

Nasional Matematika dan IPA Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi, 1.

Christover, D. (2019). Peran Pemuda dalam Meningkatkan Kerukunan 

Umat Beragama di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Jurnal Paradigma, 

8(2), 114-128.

Fauzi, F. (2020). Implikasi Pengelolaan Kelas Bilingual terhadap 

Peningkatan Mutu Siswa Menengah Pertama MTs. Hidayatul 

Muttalimin Sidoarjo. Darajat: Jurnal PAI, 3(1), 22-37.

Febriati, Z., Darmawani, E., & Suryahadikusumah, A. R. (2019). 

Meningkatkan Kemampuan Siswa dalam Beretika Melalui 

Pembuatan Film Pendek (Studi Eksperimen Semu di SMAN 1 

Tungkal Ilir). Juang: Jurnal Wahana Konseling, 2(1), 70-78.

Gunawan, R. (2012). Pengaruh Pendidikan Sejarah terhadap Sikap 

Nasionalisme (Penelitian pada Mahasiswa Program Studi 

Pendidikan Sejarah UHAMKA). Lemlit UHAMKA.

Haidir, M. Y. (2020). Analisis Penerapan Program Kelas Bilingual di 

SMPN 3 Tangeran Selatan. Skripsi, Universitas Negeri Syarif 

Hidayatullah Jakarta, Jurusan Manajemen Pendidikan.

Kusnoto, Y., & Minandar, F. (2017). Pembelajaran Sejarah Lokal: 

Pemahaman Konteks Bagi Mahasiswa. Sosial Horizon: Jurnal 

Pendidikan Sosial, 4(1).

Manara, C. (2014). “That's What Worries Me”? Tensions in English 

Language Education in Today's Indonesia. International Journal of 

Innovation in English Language, 3(1), 21-35.

Mariyaningasih, N., & Hidayati, M. (2018). Bukan Kelas Biasa. Surakarta: 

Oase Group

Mastrianto, A., Sariyatun, & Suryani, N. (2020). Bahan Ajar Digital dalam 

Materi Pembelajaran Sejarah Lokal Perjuangan Laskar Rakyat 

Hizbullah untuk Menanamkan Nilai Nasionalisme Generasi 

Milenial. PROCEDING Literasi Dalam Pendidikan di Era Digital 

Untuk Generasi Milenial, (pp. 1-10).

Pransiska, R. (2020). Program Bilingualisme Bahasa Inggris Pada 

Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Serambi Ilmu: Journal of 

Scientific Information and Educational Creativity, 21(1), 35-48.

Salim, Y. A., & Erandaru, A. (2019). Perancangan Film Dokumenter 

Tentang Fenomena Budaya Etnis Tiongha di Pasar Semawis 

Semarang. Jurnal DKV Adiwarna, 1(14).

Saputra, N., & Aida, N. (2019). Keberadaan Penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia 

pada Generasi Milenial. Semdi Unaya, 368-383.

Sulistyorini, H. (2020). Pembelajaran Berbasis Projek (Project Based 

Learning) pada Pengajaran English Drama Appreciation dengan 

Menggunakan Media Pementasan Drama Berbahasa Inggris 

“Sangkuriang”. LITE: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya, 16(1), 1-

21.

Susanti, E. D. (2019). Project Based Learning: Pemanfaatan Vlog dalam 

Pembelajaran Sejarah untuk Generasi Pro Gadget. Sejarah dan 

Budaya: Jurnal Sejarah, Budaya dan Pengajarannya, 13(1), 85-96.

Wijaya, E. Y., Sudjimat, D. A., & Nyoto, A. (2016). Transformasi 

Pendidikan Abad 21 sebagai Tuntutan Pengembangan Sumber Daya 

Manusia di Era Global. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan 

Matematika 2016~Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang , 1, pp. 263-278.

Zubaidah, S. (2016). Keterampilan Abad ke-21: Keterampilan yang 

diajarkan melalui Pembelajaran. Seminar Nasional Pendidikan 

dengan tema “Isu-isu Strategis Pembelajaran MIPA Abad 21”, 

STKIP Persada Khatulistiwa Sintang – Kalimantan Barat , Program 

Studi Pendidikan Biologi

JUARA 3 | ESSAY BIG COMPETITION EASA 2020

By: Mariani (Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin)

E-learning: “Solution or Just Escape?”

 

My first words

Online lectures are not a new thing in the line of education, but a system that 

develops amid technological advances. We may say that all areas of life have been 

colored and must adapt to technology. However, it is different from the facts. As 

with the use of digital media in the recommended education system, it is still very 

minimalist in Indonesia. Online lectures are not just about virtualizing teaching 

materials, but also about facilities and internet network penetration. In addition, the 

ability of the lecturers to convey the material and the ability to catch students 

online.

Online lectures are an alternative that is increasingly biased in the midst of 

the outbreak of the corona virus. The pandemic has demanded that all institutions 

use digital media in their learning activities. Until universities compete in 

transmitting their teaching system to be effective. Increasingly sophisticated 

technology accommodates this lecture system. However, there are weaknesses in 

implementing the existing emergency lecture system. The uneven penetration of 

the internet network to all regions.

The minimum internet facility is a problem in Indonesia. Based on data from 

the Central Bureau of Statistics in 2019, the internet penetration rate in rural areas 

averages 51.91 percent, while in urban areas it is 78.08 percent. This penetration 

rate is certainly an obstacle. use of the internet across the country. Therefore, of 

course there are many people who are not prosperous in penetrating the internet 

network. Especially if online lectures are followed from villages that are far from 

the city center. This shows that low quality network processing will have an impact 

on the slow learning process. The effectiveness and quality of lectures being low is 

also difficult to understand quickly.

Standard social media ownership with online adoption. Distance learning 

media ownership is also very lacking. Of course the media or the means are the 

determinants If it is still lacking, not even there will not reach the online system. 

The media can be a measure of the extent to which online lectures are still minimal or  maximal. In addition, the lecturers and students are stuttering in accessing online. 

Because it could be complete network and facilities, but stuttering one or both of 

them will also affect. These weaknesses have led to various feelings of 

dissatisfaction and ineffectiveness of the emergency online system during the 

Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, online lectures in the midst of this pandemic are a 

solution or just an escape?

E-learning: “Solution or just escape?”

Educational institutions are considered a responsive sector in the midst of a 

pandemic, this is because they have the potential to increase the spread of Covid-19. 

Not only that, schools with a large number of students also have an effect. So that 

both schools and campuses must close. The Minister of Education and Culture has 

implemented a home learning system policy. Learning takes place from home.

Learning from home makes the slogan of independent learning more visible. 

What does independence mean in the context of learning from home? From the 

visible phenomenon and general impression, the learning process is out of control. 

Learning from home for the context of elementary-high school students is a 

vacation. It is undeniable that the effectiveness of learning in remote observation 

from educators and directly guided by parents only takes place in the early weeks. It 

is hoped that staying at home during the pandemic will remain productive in 

learning. However, sometimes people actually feel free from learning. In this case, 

he applies the principle ‘Up to me’. Learning from home is considered a policy used 

to contain accusations of an empty education system during Covid-19.

At a level such as lectures, the learning from home policy is strongly 

supported by the optimization of the use of communication technology facilities. 

From this, then we get to know the term ‘e-learning’. The mechanism is entirely 

given to technology. Online lectures with the application of video conferencing, 

assessments and submissions of assignments using the online system, to attendance 

are also carried out using a virtual system. In this online-based learning system, it 

assumes that all students and educators understand the technology and features it 

operates. If not, new problems arise because of internal ignorance. learning process.

During the pandemic, education felt a leap starting at the end of February 

2020. After the government's instructions to study from home, work from home, or 

worship from home, etc., made the situation in Indonesia different. This also has an 

impact on the educational process. How could I not, almost 100% of school 

activities are carried out from (at) home. With this phenomenon technology has 

become dominant in society. The whole life is filled with the online world. 

Attendance, study materials, assignments, quizzes, and various exams are 

conducted from (at) home with a variety of existing applications. With this system, 

it is as if everyone is clever with the online system. However, the phenomenon in 

society shows a big obstacle. We need to realize that not all students come from 

upper middle class families. Not all students and teachers in Indonesia enjoy this 

‘millennial’ process. Not all of them have devices and laptops. Some have but it is 

difficult to get internet access. Even in certain areas there is no internet network. On 

the other hand, the capabilities and creativity of the lecturers are a big demand in 

the online lecture system. Besides that, the student's persistence and seriousness 

have an effect. The two became related. This is certainly a determining factor in 

implementing online lectures.

This system is actually a transition from the face to face method (short 

distance) to the screen to screen method (long distance). The basis is the real-time 

availability of all relevant information through the network by connecting people, 

objects and systems optimized, independently organized and cross-network value 

creation that can fit various criteria, such as cost, availability and resources. Of 

course, this system has a very important goal of helping students and teachers in 

any situation and anywhere still be able to carry out lectures.

Then, how effective is this online learning model in influencing the learning 

process of students? From the visible phenomenon, the intensity of student interest 

in taking online lectures is very small. In fact, most of them create boredom in the 

learning process. Some students feel that they miss the moment of direct encounter 

with their favorite lecturers. Like nothing was learned during this semester. These 

were the spontaneous reactions given by students regarding the virtual learning 

system.

The intensity of interest in online learning systems certainly makes someone 

unproductive and chooses to be absent. In fact, presence is one of the benchmarks 

in helping the process of internalizing education in learning activities. Of the many 

students, most have chosen to return to their hometowns and have a vacation. No 

lectures. Lectures are burdensome because they require data and have to find a good 

place to connect. Online lectures in other words add to the burden of lectures 

because you have to buy data so you can enter video conference classes and 

download and upload lecture assignments.

It can be concluded that the online lecture system in the midst of a pandemic 

is a solution as well as an escape. Why is that? It can be said that the solution is if 

the university has provided input and practical skills in penetrating various 

e-learning facilities. Consolidation in terms of facilities and skills of teachers is an 

important standard in online lectures. Meanwhile, on the other hand, it can be said 

to be an escape if the lecture process is confused, either because of the minimal 

means or skills of the lecturers. This is confirmed by the many complaints from 

students. Online lectures are just titles. Many lecturers were confused, in a short 

time they had to learn various online learning tools. Due to demands to immediately 

continue the learning process, the method of error and error was forced applied. 

Then what happens is the teachers only and always give online assignments every 

time of study.

The main responsibility of educators is that they are not only aware of the 

general principles of shaping the present experience by creating certain 

environmental conditions, but they also accept in concrete terms the things around 

them which are very conducive to the acquisition of experiences that lead to growth 

and development. the attainment of knowledge obtained by students. However, the 

current situation puts a lot of burden on students and makes the lecture experience 

boring, even to the point of saturation and has an impact on the unqualified 

education obtained. Students gasping for breath following the learning process. In 

an instant the tasks piled up. They are required to transform into independent 

learners overnight. This is based on the stuttering of teachers who do not have 

special skills in this field or the lack of seriousness from the university or faculty in 

responding and maximizing development technology in education. This is real when the world of education is faced with a pandemic situation. There are so many 

educational institutions that are not ready to implement their learning systems 

online. If this happens, then it could follow and be forced. It feels like the old style 

education is still very dominant.

My final word

Online lectures in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic are often said to be an 

emergency curriculum. This curriculum can be said to be a new chapter in the 

education system in Indonesia. The availability of software, internet access, 

electricity, gadgets and computers is the hallmark of the implementation of this 

model. The characteristics of the 21st century education process always meet 

challenges and also bring new opportunities. This comes as a consequence of the 

development of Science and Technology.

Educational changes stemming from the development of a virtual curriculum 

model will have an impact on the creation of a new style of education system. 

Education itself must be democratic, education for everyone. This is in line with 

Article 31 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution, “All citizens have the right to 

education”, so all students and teachers should receive equal treatment, providing 

skills and skills that are in accordance with the latest technological advances, global 

communication capabilities.

Hopefully this Covid-19 outbreak will not only bring panic in the public 

sphere, but this will become one of the starting points for the Indonesian nation, 

especially the government and related ministries to fully concentrate on mobilizing 

the entire education budget this year to create a virtual curriculum; teaching and 

learning process via online technology, while preparing supporting infrastructure, 

availability of internet network, competitive democratic managerial, and 

sustainable community involvement. Equitable quality and quantity of education in

Indonesia is an obligation that must be prioritized, in accordance with the mandate 

of the 5th principle of Pancasila; social justice for all the people of Indonesia. Fair 

Indonesia; the same feeling-one feeling, the educational process must provide 

comfort for all students and educators.

Daftar Pustaka 

G. Elena, Popkova, V. Yulia Aleksei, Ragulina Bogoviz, V (Ed)., Industry 4.0: 

Industrial Revolution of the 21st Century, Poland: Polish Academy of 

Sciences, 2019. 

Kompas, Edisi Senin, 13 April 2020. 

Kompas, Edisi Kamis, 30 April 2020. 

Indraswara, Angga., Opini Kompas, Jumat, 15 Mei 2020. 

Sendler, Ulrich (Ed), The Internet of Things: Industrie 4.0 Unleashed, Regensburg,

Germany: Zweigniederlassung, 2016. 

JUARA 2 | ESSAY BIG COMPETITION EASA 2020

By: Lilis Anggraini (STAI Al-Anwar Sarang Rembang)

ONLINE AND OFFLINE EDUCATION, BLESSING OR DISASTER?

 

Education is the most important basis for facing the era of society 5.0 

which is a formidable challenge if human resources are not well prepared and 

mature for the golden generation as the successor of the nation's progress. 

Education are the keys to success in producing quality and golden generation at 

the age of 100 years of Indonesian independence. Realizing these expectations, 

every element of the educator must have the ability to design learning to be 

meaningful and useful.

As the pandemic spreads caused by the Coronavirus in various worlds, all 

sectors in various countries have decided to modify old habits wording limit, and 

stop the spread of the coronavirus. WHO instructions that activities that could 

potentially cause a crowd to be stopped. Indonesia's attitude in dealing with the 

corona outbreak is by implementing the big-scale social restrictions (PSBB), 

getting used to living clean and healthy, and optimizing activities on a home basis.

Education is one sector that has received more attention from the Indonesian 

government. The Ministry of Education and Culture gives instructions to 

universities to organize distance learning and advises students to study from their 

homes. The instruction was conveyed through a circular letter from the Ministry 

of Education and Culture (Kemendikbud) of the Directorate of Higher Education 

1

st number of 2020 concerning the prevention of the spread of Corona Virus 

Disease (Covid-19) in universities.

Distance education for real is nothing new. The extent of the 

implementation of online learning apart from referring to the Ministry of 

Education and Culture's circular letter, the other legal basis is the higher education 

law 12th number of 2012, PERMENDIKBUD 24th number of 2012, and 

PERMENDIKBUD 119th number of 2014 which describes distance education.

Distance education has several advantages. Some of these advantages including

are1

:

1. Teachers and students do not need to meet face to face, the most important 

thing is the availability of supporting facilities such as computers or 

smartphones and the internet.

2. Not limited by time, learners can determine at any time the time to study so 

that they can adjust to the availability of time according to the agreement.

Distance education is not new in the world of education. Seeing some of 

these benefits, distance education can still achieve educational goals. However, 

not all levels of education are familiar with and ready for distance education. The 

sudden transformation for some levels of education will make the challenges feel 

tough. Success in achieving educational goals will depend on all parties, be it 

teaching staff, students, media and learning techniques, and families. Weaknesses 

are things that will always be found in a system that is evaluated. That distance 

learning also has disadvantages including are2

:

1. The high likelihood of learning disorders is that the role of learning 

motivation is very important wording achieve learning objectives.

2. There is no physical meeting so that the explanation is not maximal given by 

the teacher.

3. The possibility of misperception of teaching materials.

The phenomenon of online learning has now become a new chapter in the 

world of education. Neither party can avoid online education, learning online in 

the context of a pandemic is the only option most likely to be applied in the 

education sector. Every level of education in different countries does the same 

thing. More than 8 month of learning by way of long, but the obstacles still 

landed. 

The article in Suara.com revealed that the National Commision for Child 

Protection (KPAI) encountered at least 5 obstacles during the online learning

process. These obstacles are3

:

1. Psychological conditions

KPAI sees the psychological unpreparedness of students in doing online 

learning continuously.

2. The role of parents and students

Changing the role of parents who are required to be able to become 

tutors in children's learning at home has quite a lot of confusion for parents. 

Moreover, not all people come from educated circles.

3. Gaps in supporting facilities

Even though it is now a digital era, according to KPAI data, 50 percent 

of children outside Java are not served online to online learning. So, they 

cannot access lessons online for various reasons.

4. Socialization regarding online learning that is not yet optimal

The various efforts made by the Ministry of Education and Culture 

(Kemdikbud) should be appreciated. However, KPAI found 42 regions in 

Indonesia, felt that socialization regarding online learning had not been 

maximally carried out.

5. The emergency curriculum has not been implemented in schools

KPAI's efforts in determining the effectiveness of online learning have 

resulted in only a few schools implementing an emergency curriculum, 

namely the 2013 curriculum which was simplified and adapted to the 

pandemic. However, out of 42 areas visited by KPAI, only 2 schools 

implemented them because they had received clear instructions from the 

education office and 6 schools implemented them without instructions.

These constraints are illustrated by real phenomena in the field. Without us 

knowing it, the online learning takes its toll. KPAI found at least 3 cases of 

students who died because of alleged psychological unpreparedness in dealing 

with online learning4

. This incident arises as a result of the number of tasks and 

obstacles that arise during the long term which makes students feel stressed and 

even leads to depression.

Offline Learning Again, Are You Ready?

Time after time has passed with the online learning process. Seeing several 

incidents of student deaths due to academic burdens, the educational revolution to 

welcome the new normal is a must. How ready are students back for offline 

learning activities? Meanwhile, learning from home in the context of elementary￾high school students is like a vacation. Not all students can increase independence 

in learning. Different knowledge and understanding of each individual will be a 

new challenge for teaching staff in completing learning targets.

The ability of teaching staff and school support in implementing the 

Kemendikbud program in the form of “Merdeka Belajar” will determine how 

much opportunity can be used to synergize online learning outcomes with the 

design of learning activities to be carried out offline so that learning objectives 

can be achieved.

REFERENCES: 

Kanine, E. 2010. Analisis Pembelajaran System Jarak Jauh Dan Implikasinya 

Terhadap Pendidikan Tinggi Keperawatan. Skripsi. Jakarta: Universitas 

Indonesia

Rossa, V., & Rachmawati, D., 2020. “KPAI Ungkap Berbagai Tantangan PJJ di 

Masa Pandemi, Apa Saja?”. diakses dari https://banten.suara.com/read/

2020/11/07/090500/kpai-ungkapberbagaitantangan-pjj-di-masa-pandemi￾apa-saja?page=all. pada tanggal 28 November 2020 pukul 11.06 WIB.

Wicaksono, A. 2020. “KPAI Sebut Siswa Bunuh Diri Diduga Banyak Tugas 

Selama PJJ”. diakses dari https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/

20201031194605-20-564467/kpai-sebut-siswa-bunuh-diri-diduga-banyak￾tugas-selama-pjj, pada tanggal 26 November 2020 pukul 16.05 WIB

JUARA 1 | ESSAY BIG COMPETITION OF EASA

By: Iqbal Hidayat (IAIN Purwokerto)